Destructive Chewing

It is normal for dogs to explore the world with their mouths. However, chewing can be directed into appropriate items so your dog is not destroying items you value. Until he has learned what he can and cannot chew, it is your responsibility to manage the situation as much as possible, so he doesn't have the opportunity to chew on unacceptable objects.

Managing the Situation

• Take responsibility for your own belongings. If you don't want it in your dog's mouth, don't make it available. Keep clothing, shoes, books, trash, eyeglasses, cell phones, and remote controls out of your dog's reach.
• Don't confuse your dog by offering him shoes and socks as toys and then expect them to distinguish between his shoes and yours. Your dog's toys should be obviously different from household goods.
• Until he learns, confine him when you are unable to keep an eye on him. Choose a "safe place" that is dog proof with fresh water and "safe" toys (see our handout: "Dog Toys and How to Use Them"). If your dog is crate trained, you may also crate him for short periods of time (see our handout: "Crate Training Your Dogs").
• Take your dog to an obedience class to teach him important commands, like "leave it." Classes may have the added benefit of reducing destructive behavior because they will help your dog burn off excess energy (see our handout: "The Educated Dog"). You can also do basic training at home, using clicker training (see our handout: "Dog Clicker Training").
• If, and only if, you actually catch your dog chewing on something he shouldn't, interrupt the behavior with a loud noise and offer him an acceptable chew toy instead. Play with him when he takes the toy in his mouth.
• Have realistic expectation. It is highly likely that your dog will, at some point, chew up something you value. This is often part of the transition to a new home.

Dogs will engage in destructive behavior for a variety of reasons. In order to deal with the behavior, you must first determine why your dog is being destructive.

Play, Boredom, and/or Social Isolation

Normal play behavior can result in destruction, as it may involve digging, chewing, shredding, and/or shaking toy-like objects. Since dogs investigate objects by pawing at them and exploring them with their mouth, they may inadvertently damage items in their environment.

Your dog may be chewing for entertainment if:

• He's left alone for long time periods without opportunities for interaction with you or other family members.
• His environment is relatively barren, without playmates or toys.
• He's a puppy or adolescent (under 3 years old) and he doesn't have other outlets for his energy.
• He's a particularly active type of dog (like the herding or sporting breeds) who needs an active lifestyle to be happy.

Solutions:

• Play with your dog daily in a safe, fenced-in area. If you don't have a yard, a tennis court can be a good place to play. Fetch is a great game that will use up your dog's excess energy without wearing you out!
• Go for a walk. Walks should be more than just "bathroom time." On-leash walks are important opportunities for you and your dog to be together. Don't forget to allow time for sniffing, exploring, instruction, and praise.
• Increase your dog's opportunities for mental stimulation. Teach your dog a few commands and/or tricks using clicker training and practice them daily (see our handout: "Dog Clicker Training"). If you have time, take an obedience class.
• Provide your dog with lots of toys (see our handout: "Dog Toys and How to Use Them").
• Rotate your dog's toys to refresh his interest in them. "New" toys are always more interesting than old ones.
• Try different kinds of toys, but when you introduce a new toy, watch your dog to make sure he won't tear it up and ingest the pieces.
• Consider the various types of toys that can be stuffed with food. Putting tidbits of food inside chew toys focuses your dog's chewing activities on these toys instead of unacceptable objects.
• Make your dog's favorite off-limits chew objects unattractive to him by covering them with heavy plastic, aluminum foil, hot pepper sauce, or a commercial "anti-chew" product.
• Consider a good doggie daycare program for two or three days a week to work out some of your dog's excess energy.

Separation Anxiety

Dogs with separation anxiety tend to display behaviors that reflect a strong attachment to their owners. This includes following you from room to room, frantic greetings, and reacting anxiously to your preparation to leave the house.

Factors that can precipitate a separation anxiety problem:

• A change in the family's schedule that result in your dog being left alone more often.
• A move to a new house.
• The death or loss of a family member or another family pet.
• A period at a shelter or boarding kennel.

These behaviors are not motivated by spite or revenge, but by anxiety. Punishment will only make the problem worse. Separation anxiety can be resolved by using counter conditioning and desensitization techniques (see out handouts: "Separation Anxiety" and "Stress Relief for Your Pet").

Attention-Seeking Behavior

Without realizing it, we often pay more attention to our dogs when they are misbehaving. Dogs who don't receive much attention and reinforcement for appropriate behavior may engage in destructive behavior when their owners are present as a way to attract attention – even if the attention is "negative", such as a verbal scolding. From a dog's point of view, negative attention is better than no attention at all.

Solutions:

• Make sure that your dog gets plenty of positive attention everyday – playing, walking, grooming, or just petting.
• Ignore (as much as possible) bad behavior and reward only good behavior. Remember to reward your dog with praise and petting when he's playing quietly with appropriate toys.
• Make his favorite off-limits chew objects unattractive or unavailable to him. Use aversives on objects that cannot be put away (see our handout "Aversives for Dogs").
• Teach your dog a "drop it" command so when he does pick up an off-limits object, you can use your command and praise him for complying. The best way to teach "drop it" is to practice having him exchange a toy in his possession for a tidbit of food (see our handout: "Teaching Your Dog to "Drop it").
• Practice "Nothing in Life is Free" with your dog (see our handout: "Nothing in Life is Free"). This gets your dog in the habit of complying with your commands and is a good way to make sure he gets lots of positive attention for doing the right things – so he won't have to resort to being naughty just to get your attention.
• Increase your dog's opportunities for mental stimulation. Teach your dog a few commands and/or tricks using clicker training and practice them daily (see our handout: "Dog Clicker Training"). If you have time, take an obedience class.

Fears and Phobias

Some dogs are afraid of loud noises. Your dog's destructive behavior may be caused by fear if the destruction occurs when he's exposed to loud noises, such as thunderstorms, fire crackers, or construction sounds, and if the primary damage is to doors, doorframes, window coverings, screens or walls (see our handouts: "Helping Your Dog Overcome the Fear of Thunder and Other Startling Noises" and "Stress Relief for Your Pet").

Solutions:

• You can work on your dog's fear and reduce his stress using clicker training. See our handout or attend an obedience class.

Puppies

Chewing is normal teething and investigative puppy behavior (see our handout: "Dealing with Normal Puppy Behavior: Chewing")

What Not To Do

Punishment is rarely effective in resolving destructive behavior problems and can even make them worse. Never discipline your dog after-the-fact. If you discover an item your dog has chewed even just a few minutes later, it is too late to administer a correction. Your dog doesn't understand that, "I chewed those shoes an hour ago and that's why I'm being scolded now." People often believe their dog makes this connection because he runs and hides, or "looks guilty". Dogs don't feel guilt; rather they display appeasing postures like cowering, running away, or hiding when they feel threatened by an angry tone of voice, body posture, or facial expression. Your dog doesn't know that he's done something wrong; he only knows that you're upset. Punishment after-the-fact will not only fail to eliminate the undesirable behavior, but my also provoke other undesirable behaviors.